Welcome to the third edition of RxFiles: Type 2 Diabetes.
Top Diabetes Clinical Pearls
page 3
A collection of learnings, pearls, and things that may surprise you.
Screening, Diagnosis, & Approach to Treatment
page 4
How to screen for T2DM, risk factors for T2DM, diagnosis tree, and an approach to T2DM therapy
PERSPECTIVES ON: Glycemic Targets
page 5
A guide to individualizing glycemic targets for your patient.
Modifiable Risk Factors in Diabetes
page 6
Guidelines and FAQs for blood pressure, lipids, ACEI/ARB, ASA, and lifestyle change.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Lifestyle Change
page 7
Lifestyle change: the best available treatment for type 2 diabetes.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Diabetes and the Kidneys
page 8
A guide to protecting and preserving the kidneys in diabetes.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Diabetes and Heart Failure
page 9
A guide to comanaging patients with both diabetes and heart failure.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Diabetes in Pregnancy
page 10
A guide to managing pregnant patients with diabetes.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Diabetes in Older Adults
page 11
A guide to managing older adults with diabetes.
Pharmacotherapy (non-insulin)
Introduction
page 12
Key messages for using pharmacotherapy in diabetes.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Metformin
page 13
Metformin: first-line, and the backbone of pharmacotherapy.
Diabetes Drug Comparion Charts
page 14
Efficacy, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, monitoring parameters, dosing, and cost comparisons of diabetes pharmacotherapy.
Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy Chart
page 17
Efficacy, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, monitoring parameters, dosing, and cost comparisons of weight loss pharmacotherapy.
Colour Comparison Chart of Pharmacotherapy
page 18
Side-by-side comparisons of diabetes pharmacotherapy using a 'traffic light' approach.
GLP1 Adverse Effects: Infographic
page 20
Common, less common, rare, and uncertain adverse effects of GLP1 agonists.
SGLT2 Inhibitor Adverse Effects: Infographic
page 21
Common, less common, rare, and uncertain adverse effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Insulin
Introduction
page 22
Key messages for using insulin in diabetes.
Insulin Pens
page 23
Compares and lists the different disposable and reusable insulin pens.
Insulin Comparison Chart
page 24
Side-by-side comparisons of the different BASAL and PRANDIAL insulins available.
Insulin Initiation, Titration, and Follow Up
page 26
How to initiate insulin, injection tips and common mistakes, troubleshooting titration, converting between insulins, using insulin to treat corticosteroid hyperglycemia, and travel tips.
Hypoglycemia and Sick Day Management
page 28
Treating hypoglcyemia, glucagon drug info, and diabetes 'sick day' guidelines.
PERSPECTIVES ON: Hypoglycemia Risk
page 29
How to assess and address a patient's risk of hypoglycemia.
Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose
page 30
Guidance on how often patients should self monitor blood glucose, and a comparison of available blood glucose meters.
Selecting a Basal Insulin
page 31
Comparison of basal insulins by cost, coverage, convenience, and hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Tools
Introduction
page 32
An overview of the diabetes tools in this book.
Shared Decision Making in Diabetes
page 33
A user-friendly approach to helping patients decide which diabetes therapy might be best for them.
The Long Story Short - Infographic
page 35
Optimizing the choice and use of insulin needles.
Physical Activity Prescription
page 36
Evidence suggests that prescribing physical activity is more powerful than simply talking to patients about it.
SADMANS Patient Handout
page 37
A handout guiding patients how to pause, and when to restart, medications that can cause acute kidney injury or other side effects when patients are dehydrated.
Diabetes Patient Booklet
A patient booklet for patients with type 2 diabetes, designed to motivate patients to exercise, take their medications regularly, test their sugars only when needed, inject insulin properly, and hold SADMANS medications when dehydrated.
Landmark Diabetes Trials
Introduction
page 38
An overview of the landmark diabetes trials collected here.
Cardiovascular Outcome Landmark Trials
page 39
Describes the population studied, intervention, A1c achieved, and macrovascular outcomes of landmark diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials.
Glycemic Target Landmark Trials
page 40
Describes the population studied, intervention, A1c achieved, microvascular outcomes, and macrovascular outcomes of landmark glycemic target trials.
Insulin Landmark Trials
page 41
Describes the population studied, intervention, efficacy outcomes, and safety outcomes of landmark insulin trials.
Modifiable Risk Factors Landmark Trials
page 42
Describes the population studied, intervention, and results of landmark lipid, ASA, blood pressure, and diabetes prevention trials.
Abbreviations & Acknowledgements
page 44
Thank you to everyone who helped with the creation of this book!